The Turkish Data Protection Law defines a data controller as “the natural or legal person who determines the purposes and means of processing personal data and is responsible for the establishment and management of the data filing system”. According to the guidelines that the Turkish Data Protection Board has published on its website, “data processors […]
E-Commerce and the New Commercial Electronic Message Management System Under Turkish Law
What is a commercial electronic message? Regulation on the Commercial Communication and Commercial Electronic Messages published in the Official Gazette dated 15 July 2015 defines commercial electronic messages as “messages with data, voice and image contents which are electronically sent for commercial purposes by using vehicles such as telephone, call centers, fax, automated call systems, […]
Data Processing Agreement (DPA) Under Turkish Data Protection Law
Data controllers who wish to entrust their data processing activity to a third party must appoint such third party as the data processor on behalf of them with a contract. The said contract under which a data controller authorizes a third party to process personal data on their behalf and in accordance with their instructions […]
Joint Stock Companies Under Turkish Commercial Law
Joint stock companies (“JSC”) incorporated in Turkey are called “anonim şirket”/ “A.Ş.” and they are regulated by the Turkish Commercial Law. JSCs are companies with a liability limited to their assets. Incorporation A JSC can be incorporated with one or more shareholders, that can be either real persons or legal entities. Shareholders of a JSC are only liable […]
Voting Agreements
Joint stock companies have two governing bodies, namely the general assembly and the board of directors. While the general management of the company is under the responsibility of the board of directors; the general assembly on the has certain exclusive duties, which cannot be delegated to the board or another corporate body. Amendment of the […]
Accredited Angel Investors
Did you know that in total 357 angel investors have been accredited since 2013 in Turkey? It is a fact that the enterprises at their start up stages encounter difficulties to access the financing they need and this is why they seek contributions of angel investors. A new system called Individual Participation System (IPA) to […]
